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spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of peritonitis (infection in the abdominal cavity) despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. It occurs almost exclusively in people with portal hypertension (increased pressure over the portal vein), usually as a result of cirrhosis of the liver.〔 It can also occur in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
The diagnosis of SBP requires paracentesis (aspiration of fluid with a needle) from the abdominal cavity. If the fluid contains bacteria or large numbers of neutrophil granulocytes (>250 cells/µL) (a type of white blood cells), infection is confirmed and antibiotics are required to avoid complications. In addition to antibiotics, infusions of albumin are usually administered.
==Signs and symptoms==
Symptoms include fevers, chills, nausea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness and general malaise.〔 Patients may complain of abdominal pain and worsening ascites.〔 Thirteen percent of patients have no signs or symptoms. Hepatic encephalopathy may be the only manifestation of SBP; in the absence of a clear precipitant for the encephalopathy, all patients should undergo paracentesis, or sampling of the ascites fluid, in order to assess for SBP.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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